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German U-boat bases in occupied Norway
German U-boat bases in occupied Norway operated between 1940 and 1945, when the ''Kriegsmarine'' (German navy), converted several naval bases in Norway into submarine bases. Norwegian coastal cities became available to the ''Kriegsmarine'' after the invasion of Denmark and Norway in April 1940. Following the conclusion of the Norwegian Campaign (June 1940), the occupying Germans began to transfer U-boats stationed in Germany to many Norwegian port cities such as Bergen, Narvik, Trondheim, Hammerfest and Kirkenes. Initial planning for many U-boat bunkers began in late 1940. Starting in 1941, the Todt Organisation began the construction of bunkers in Bergen and Trondheim. These bunkers were completed between 1942 and 1943.
The ''Kriegsmarine'' generally used U-boats stationed in Norway to extend its range of operation in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. The Norwegian bases housed U-boats that took part in the interception of Allied convoys crossing the Arctic Ocean to the Soviet Union. Following the liberation of France by the Western Allies in 1944, U-boat activity in many Norwegian ports increased. With the French ports captured or cut off, many German U-boats re-located to Norwegian port cities.
During the German occupation of Norway, the ''Kriegsmarine'' stationed over 240 U-boats in the Nordic country at one time or another, most of them members of the 11th U-boat Flotilla, which had 190 U-boats in its fleet during the flotilla's entire career. Other well-known flotillas in Norway included the 13th and 14th Flotillas.
==German invasion of Norway==
(詳細はDenmark on 9 April 1940.〔Shirer (1960) p.697〕 Norway was very important to Germany for two reasons: firstly as a base for naval units to harass Allied shipping in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, and secondly to secure shipments of iron ore coming in from Sweden through the port of Narvik. During Operation Weserübung, Denmark fell in less than a day, becoming the briefest invasion in recorded military history.〔Dildy (2007) p.34〕 The Norwegians put up a stiffer resistance to the invading German forces. Nonetheless, by May the southern half of Norway was under German control. Following the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, the Allies were forced to evacuate Narvik, leaving the country to the Germans who would occupy it until the end of the war. After the invasion, Vidkun Quisling led the collaborationist government of Norway, based around the fascist Nasjonal Samling ("National Gathering") party.〔Shirer (1960) pp.707-711〕
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